Perl 5.002 was released on Februwith the new prototypes feature. Perl 5.001 was released on March 13, 1995. Perl 5 has been in active development since then. This allowed the core interpreter to stabilize, even as it enabled ordinary Perl programmers to add new language features. Importantly, modules provided a mechanism for extending the language without modifying the interpreter. It was a nearly complete rewrite of the interpreter, and it added many new features to the language, including objects, references, lexical (my) variables, and modules. Perl 5.000 was released on October 17, 1994. It remains the primary forum for development, maintenance, and porting of Perl 5. The perl5-porters mailing list was established in May 1994 to coordinate work on porting Perl 5 to different platforms. Initial design of Perl 5 continued into 1994. Perl 4 went through a series of maintenance releases, culminating in Perl 4.036 in 1993, whereupon Wall abandoned Perl 4 to begin work on Perl 5. At the same time, the Perl version number was bumped to 4, not to mark a major change in the language but to identify the version that was well documented by the book. In 1991, Programming Perl, known to many Perl programmers as the "Camel Book" because of its cover, was published and became the de facto reference for the language. Originally, the only documentation for Perl was a single lengthy man page. Perl 3, released in October 1989, added support for binary data streams. Perl 2, released in June 1988, featured a better regular expression engine. The language expanded rapidly over the next few years. Larry Wall began work on Perl in 1987, while employed as a programmer at Unisys he released version 1.0 on December 18, 1987. The name is occasionally expanded as a backronym: Practical Extraction and Report Language and Wall's own Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister which is in the manual page for perl. This case distinction was subsequently documented as canonical. Schwartz, however, capitalized the language's name in the book to make it stand out better when typeset. Before the release of the first edition of Programming Perl, it was common to refer to the language as perl. When referring to the program itself, the name is uncapitalized ( perl) because most Unix-like file systems are case-sensitive. When referring to the language, the name is capitalized: Perl. However, Wall discovered the existing PEARL programming language before Perl's official release and changed the spelling of the name. It is also a Christian reference to the Parable of the Pearl from the Gospel of Matthew. Wall wanted to give the language a short name with positive connotations. Perl is a highly expressive programming language: source code for a given algorithm can be short and highly compressible. In 1998, it was also referred to as the " duct tape that holds the Internet together," in reference to both its ubiquitous use as a glue language and its perceived inelegance. It has been nicknamed "the Swiss Army chainsaw of scripting languages" because of its flexibility and power, and also what some consider ugliness due to its utilization of more special characters than many other languages. In addition to CGI, Perl 5 is used for system administration, network programming, finance, bioinformatics, and other applications, such as for GUIs. Perl 5 gained widespread popularity in the mid-1990s as a CGI scripting language, in part due to its powerful regular expression and string parsing abilities. The Perl languages borrow features from other programming languages including C, sh, AWK, and sed They provide text processing facilities without the arbitrary data-length limits of many contemporary Unix command line tools. Both languages continue to be developed independently by different development teams and liberally borrow ideas from each other. Raku, which began as a redesign of Perl 5 in 2000, eventually evolved into a separate language. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions. Perl was developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Though Perl is not officially an acronym, there are various backronyms in use, including "Practical Extraction and Reporting Language". "Perl" refers to Perl 5, but from 2000 to 2019 it also referred to its redesigned "sister language", Perl 6, before the latter's name was officially changed to Raku in October 2019. Perl is a family of two high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages. 5.37.11 / 20 April 2023 2 months ago ( )Īrtistic License 1.0 or GNU General Public License version 1 or any later version ĪWK, BASIC, C, C++, Lisp, sed, Unix shell ĬoffeeScript, Groovy, JavaScript, Julia, LPC, PHP, Python, Raku, Ruby, PowerShell
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